Introduction to Statistics
Etymology of the word 'Statistics', different perceptions across fields, evolution from state science to independent discipline, and the distinction between quantitative and qualitative variables.
Etymology of the Word 'Statistics'
Early Scope
In the early years, the scope of statistics was primarily limited to collection of data for determining the economic and social conditions of the people living in different parts of the country. Over time it has become a full-fledged independent subject.
Different Perceptions of Statistics
How statistics is perceived varies across different fields. Click each card to flip and discover.
Evolution of Statistics
Then vs Now
In the early years, statistics was primarily limited to collection of data for determining economic and social conditions. Today, it is not only a science of the state, but includes all types of quantitative analysis \u2014 a full-fledged independent subject.
Quantitative vs Qualitative Variables
| Aspect | Quantitative Variables | Qualitative Variables |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Variables that can be expressed in numerical terms | Variables that cannot be expressed in numerical terms |
| Examples | Marks of students, number of literates in a country, heights of people | Honesty, beauty, intelligence |
| Measurable? | Yes — direct numerical measurement | No — vague terms, cannot make statistical analysis without numerical equivalents |
| Can be used in statistical analysis? | Yes, directly | Only if assigned numerical equivalents (e.g., ranks) |
Ranks as Numbers
Qualitative expressions can be ranked according to quality. For example, Rank 1 to the most intelligent, Rank 2 to the second best, and so on. These ranks may be used as numerical measurements for statistical analysis.