Class 12 Indian Economic Development Notes · CBSE
Measures to Control Environmental Degradation
Measures to Control Environmental Degradation — study ten measures including public participation, pollution control, biodiversity protection, hazardous waste management, and eco-development programmes. CBSE Class 12 IED notes.
Last updated: 1 Sep 2026
Notes
Core Pollution Control Measures
1.
Expansion of public transport
2.
Traffic planning and management
3.
Taxes on fuels and vehicles
4.
Tightening of emission norms and fuel quality specifications
5.
⭐ Promotion of alternative fuels like CNG/LPG/battery operated vehicles
6.
Strengthening of inspection and maintenance system
Other Important Measures
Key Takeaways
Key Takeaways
- Vehicular pollution is controlled through public transport expansion, emission norms, fuel quality standards, and promotion of CNG/LPG vehicles.
- Industrial pollution requires cleaner technologies, stronger emission standards, and economic incentives for compliance.
- Agricultural pollution can be minimised by reducing chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
- Public participation and population control are essential grassroots measures for environmental protection.
- CPCB plays a central role in pollution monitoring, data collection, and developing trained manpower.
- ⭐ Poverty eradication is a prerequisite for environmental protection — survival needs force the poor to degrade their environment.
- Eco-development programmes (afforestation, land reclamation, water body cleaning) restore degraded ecosystems.