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Class 12 Economics: Money and Inflation

Chapter 3: Money and Inflation — follows money from the barter market to bank money and then turns to the price level it measures. It explains why barter failed, what money does, how it is classified, what inflation means and which demand-side and cost-side forces push prices up. GSEB Class 12 Commerce Economics notes covering 4 topics: Barter System and the Evolution of Money, Functions and Types of Money, Inflation — Meaning and Characteristics, Causes of Inflation.

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Topics(4)

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Barter System and the Evolution of Money

Barter System and the Evolution of Money — defines direct exchange, works through its limitations and traces money from crops and animals to coins and banking money. GSEB Class 12 Commerce Economics notes with a barter trade-board, limitation cards and an evolution timeline.

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Functions and Types of Money

Functions and Types of Money — defines money through Marshall and Robertson and unpacks its four functions and six historical forms. GSEB Class 12 Commerce Economics notes with definition quotes, a four-function grid and a six-type classification.

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Inflation — Meaning and Characteristics

Inflation — Meaning and Characteristics — defines inflation through three economists and separates true inflation from a short-term price spike. GSEB Class 12 Commerce Economics notes with a rising-price figure, definition cards and a suppressed-inflation callout.

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Causes of Inflation

Causes of Inflation — separates demand-pull from cost-push forces and lists the short-term causes that spike prices. GSEB Class 12 Commerce Economics notes with a cause tree, a demand-versus-supply comparison and Indian examples.

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