Class 12 Economics: Poverty
Chapter 5: Poverty — defines who counts as poor, measures the gap, explains why it persists and surveys the schemes meant to close it. It covers income and non-income poverty, the poverty line, absolute and relative poverty, the indicator tables, the historical and economic causes, the six remedial measures and the employment, housing and social-security programmes. GSEB Class 12 Commerce Economics notes covering 4 topics: Meaning and Nature of Poverty, Indicators and Causes of Poverty, Measures to Reduce Poverty, Employment Programmes for Poverty Eradication.
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Topics(4)
Meaning and Nature of Poverty
Meaning and Nature of Poverty — distinguishes income from non-income poverty and traces the poverty line from calorie norms to the Tendulkar committee. GSEB Class 12 Commerce Economics notes with a poverty-line threshold figure, a committee timeline and an absolute-versus-relative comparison.
Indicators and Causes of Poverty
Indicators and Causes of Poverty — presents the ten indicator families with their data and then organises the causes into historical, rural, economic, social and policy groups. GSEB Class 12 Commerce Economics notes with an indicator dashboard, a cause tree and the full comparison tables.
Measures to Reduce Poverty
Measures to Reduce Poverty — sets out the six-point strategy from farm productivity to the public distribution system. GSEB Class 12 Commerce Economics notes with a measure-impact chain and a tax-redistribution figure.
Employment Programmes for Poverty Eradication
Employment Programmes for Poverty Eradication — organises self-employment, wage employment, housing and social-security schemes with dates and benefits. GSEB Class 12 Commerce Economics notes with a scheme timeline, a programme matrix and Jan Dhan feature cards.