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Which of the following is an example of a preventive medicine?
Recently, Government of India has started levying a _____ % 'Education Cess' on all union taxes.
Which of the following is an indicator of education attainments?
Under human capital formation, people spent money to acquire information relating to:
What percent of GDP was recommended by Education Commission (1964-66) to be spent on education sector?
When was The Tapas Majumdar Committee appointed by the government?
The stock of skill and expertise of nation at a point of time is called:
Which of the following statements is true?
What was infant mortality rate as per 2001 census?
Infant mortality rate in 2010-12 was:
Which of the following statement is true?
Health expenditure directly increases the supply of healthy:
If a worker absents herself/himself for long due to ill health, it will affect his/her:
Which capital treats human beings as a means to an end?
AICTE stands for:
Which of the following is an institution to regulate health sector?
Expenditure on education is a source of:
Expenditure on information and technology is a part of human capital expenditure as a result, India is known as knowledge economy due to development of:
Which Five Year Plan recognised the importance of human capital?
_______ is/are an important factor of human capital formation as it results in enhanced labour productivity:
The main problems of human capital formation in India is/are:
The Adult Literacy Rate among males in India in the year 2000 was:
Which of the following is an example of a curative medicine?
The Adult Literacy Rate among females in India in the year 2000 was:
There is a need to promote education for women in India due to various reasons which include:
The major share of total education expenditure is taken by:
The Right to Education Act makes education a matter to all children in the age group of:
Which of the following is an example of a social medicine?
How investment in education stimulate economic growth? Select from the following:
What is the full form of NCERT?
In India, education sector is regulated by:
Which of the following is/are examples of physical capital?
'Right to Education Act' was enacted in the year:
A teacher's salary is higher than a rickshaw puller because of:
Education cess is levied on:
Which are the two important sources of human capital formation?
Which of the following is an indicator of health attainments?
Which of the following is not a source of Human Capital Formation?
_______ is the process of adding to the stock of human capital over time.
Before introducing new technology, a firm provides the basic skills to the workers regarding its usage. This is which source of human capital formation?
When did the government of India made free and compulsory education a fundamental right for all children in the age group 6-14?
_______ is an educationally backward state.
The steep Indian education pyramid indicates ________ .
Education provides _______ . - (i) Scientific advancements - (ii) Facilitate inventions and innovations - (iii) Adapting to new technology
Read the passage and answer the following questions:
Gender bias in India is a hindrance to the process of skill formation.
We differentiate between economic activity and production activity to calculate the number of workers.
National Literacy Mission was set up in 1968.
'Skill India Programme' launched by the Government of India is an attempt to increase human capital formation.
India has not been able to achieve 100% literacy even till today.
__________ was launched in 2001 to universalise and improve the quality of Elementary Education in India.
________ and ________ are the two major sources of human capital in a country.
_________ is intangible and cannot be sold in the market.
_______ is tangible and can be easily sold in the market.
_________ implies the development of abilities and skills among the population of the country.
Why was educational cess imposed by the government on all union taxes?
Bring out the difference between literacy and education.
Literacy rates in India have increased but so has the absolute number of illiterates. Why?
The per capita education expenditure is only ₹3,600 in Bihar. What does this convey about the state of education in Bihar?
What are the two forms of health expenditures?
**Answer:** - i. Preventive medicine (vaccination).
Why has India not been able to achieve 100% literacy rates?
Give one difference between Physical Capital and Human Capital.
Give the full form of 'ICMR'.
What is the main purpose of human capital formation?
Literacy rate is measure of education, a person is called literate if he/she can _______ any language.
What do you mean by 'brain drain'?
What is the reason for the rural-urban migration in India?
Mention any two sources of human capital formation.
Why do people migrate?
Write any one problem of human capital in India.
What is curative medicine?
When was the 'Right to Education Act' enacted by the Government of India?
What was identified by the Deutsche Bank's report published on 1.7.05?
Give the idea on which Human Development is based.
What do you understand by the "Right to Education Act"?
Mention the two kinds of manpower whose stock is rich in India.
Why do people spend to acquire information relating to the labour market, education and health?
Give any one form of 'on-the-job training' to the workers.
What according to you is 'quality education'?
Write those elements which enable people to live a better life.
"School dropouts are giving way to child labour". Discuss how this is a loss to human capital.
How does human capital formation improve quality of life?
What is social medicine?
Identify how Human Development Index is calculated? What is the position of India in the World Human Development Index?
India ranks 134 out of 182 countries which shows poor human development. Value of India's HDI is 0.612.
Explain the role of education in human capital formation.
Why and how do firms give on-the-job-training to their workers?
Is expenditure on migration a source of human capital formation? Give reasons in support of your answer.
'Human resource is the main economic factor'. Discuss.
Distinguish between Physical Capital Formation and Human Capital Formation.
**Answer:** - i. Physical Capital formation is mainly an economic and technical process whereas human capital formation is partly a social process and partly a conscious decision of the possessor of the human capital. - ii. Physical capital is tangible i.e. can be sold in the market like any other good but human capital is intangible i.e. built in the body and mind of its owner. - iii. Physical capital is sold in the market but human capital is not sold in the market — only the services of human capital are sold.
Give any three challenges facing Indian education system.
**Answer:** - i. The major challenge in the area of education is to bring all Indian children in the age group 6-14 years under the purview of school education. - ii. Per capita education expenditure differs across the states, leading to variation in educational opportunities and attainments across the states. This is contrary to the purpose of equity (regional equality).
Why do so many children drop out from different levels of education in India?
Why has the Government of India levied a 2% education cess on all union taxes?
"Education implies the process of teaching, training and learning, especially in schools or colleges, to improve knowledge and develop skills." How is education more valuable than literacy?
Mention the various indicators of human development. OR Mention any three indicators of human development.
How is the government expenditure on education expressed? Which in your opinion is a better measure?
Do you think that the current level of education expenditure is adequate? Why?
Give an account of report published by World Bank on Indian economy as a knowledge economy.
Do you think the current level of education expenditure is inadequate? Why?
Explain how is India a knowledge economy.
Write a brief note on National Literacy Mission.
What are the two major sources of human capital in a country?
How government organisations facilitate the functioning of schools and hospitals in India?
'There is a downward trend in inequality world-wide with a rise in the average education levels'. Comment.
Discuss the following as a source of human capital formation — Health infrastructure.
Explain the meaning of human capital formation with the help of an example.
Read the passage and answer the following questions:
Give an account of growth of education sector in India.
Why is there a need to promote women's education in India?
Why is unemployment highest among the educated youth?
'Indian education system is considered faulty from the employment angle'. Do you agree? Explain.
What does government expenditure on education reveal?
What role can the government play in human capital formation in India?
'India is going to be a knowledge based economy in the near future'. Discuss.
How does education and training lead to technological improvement?
Discuss the following as a source of human capital formation — Expenditure on migration.
Explain the concept of vocationalisation of education.
What is migration? What are its costs and benefits?
**Benefits of Migration:** - Higher earnings.
Explain how health and expenditure on information are a source of human capital formation.
**Answer:** - **Health as a source:** Health is an important source of human capital formation because only a healthy worker can contribute towards increasing the capital stock of the country. A sick worker, without access to medical facilities is compelled to abstain from work, and there is loss of productivity.
Explain any four problems of human capital formation in India. **OR What are the main problems of human capital formation in India?** **OR Indian Government has been taking steps for human capital formation, yet human capital formation is facing problems. Explain such problems.**
Is the formation of human capital linked to man's all round development or, as it is now called human development?
Education is a challenging proposition for Indian economy. Discuss.
Read the passage and answer the following questions:
Read the passage and answer the following questions:
Bring out the differences between human capital and human development.
**Answer:**
| Basis | Human Capital | Human Development | |-------|--------------|-------------------| | **Concept** | Considers education and health as means to increase productivity | Based on the idea that education and health are integral part of human well-being | | **Treatment** | Treats human being as a means to an end — the end being increase in productivity | Treats human beings as an end in themselves |
Why is it essential for the government to regulate the fee structure in educational institutions?
A skilled worker like software professional generates more income than an unskilled worker. Why?
Discuss the weaknesses of education sector in India.
**Answer:** 1. **High Illiteracy:** Literacy rate of 64.8% (2001 census) is still far off the 100% mark. 2. **Gender Bias:** Enrolment of girls in both primary and upper primary classes is much below boys. 3. **Low Quality Education:** The quality of education is fairly low. 4. **Lack of Vocational and Technical Training:** Too much emphasis on general education neglecting vocational and technical education.
Why do we observe regional differences in educational attainment in India?
Keeping in view the present scenario, what should be the objectives of education in India?
**Answer:** - i. Ensuring hundred per cent literacy in the country, as even after nearly 70 years of independence, around 26% of the population is illiterate. - ii. Vocationalisation of education should be encouraged. - iii. Higher education should be brought within the reach of all.
Read the passage and answer the following questions:
Is India going to be a knowledge based economy in the near future?
With a view to discourage hoarding of cash and to solve the problem of black money, the Government of India initiated demonetisation. This created a cash crunch and parents were not able to pay school fees. What measures could schools adopt?
**Answer:** - i. The schools could accept fees by online transfer. - ii. The schools could accept digital cash. - iii. They could accept fees by cheque or bank draft.
Identify similarities and dissimilarities between physical capital and human capital.
**Answer:**
**Similarities:**
**Dissimilarities:** - e. Physical capital benefits only the owner; human capital benefits the owner and society.
Examine the role of education in the economic development of a nation. OR 'Education plays a significant role in economic development'. Discuss.
**Answer:** - i. Education increases the receptivity of people to modern and scientific ideas, increasing efficiency. - ii. It results in greater awareness of available opportunities and mobility of labour. - iii. It imparts knowledge, skills and attitude enabling contribution to productive programmes.
What are the differences between education and literacy?
Read the passage and answer the following questions:
Read the passage and answer the following questions:
The Education Commission in 1966 recommended that at least 6% of GDP should be spent on education. However, even after 50 years, the government continues to spend 3-4% of GDP. How has this affected the education sector? What value stands violated?
Read the passage and answer the following questions:
"Over time, human capital has replaced physical capital as the most scarce resource and the main economic factor". What is the value of human capital in economic development?
How is human development a broader term as compared to human capital?
Education is considered to be an important input for the development of a nation. How?
What factors contribute to human capital formation?
**Answer:** - **Education:** An educated individual has more knowledge and skills. Education imparts the necessary attitude for adopting new technologies and efficient management practices, leading to higher efficiency, productivity, income, and standard of living. - **Health:** Investment in health directly increases the supply of a healthy labour force. A healthy person is more productive. Preventive medicine, curative medicine, social medicine, and provision of clean drinking water and sanitation are various forms of health expenditures. - **On-the-job Training:** Firms provide training to workers to enhance their skills. Workers may be trained in the firm itself under supervision or sent for off-campus training. - **Migration:** It facilitates utilisation of inactive skills. People from rural areas migrate to urban areas in search of employment. The increase in earnings outweighs the costs of migration.
What are the indicators of educational achievement in a country?
Bring out the need for on-the-job-training for a person.
Trace the relationship between human capital and economic growth.
Explain four sources of human capital formation. OR Explain the main sources of human capital formation.
Explain various sources of human capital formation.
**Answer:**
Differentiate between physical capital and human capital.
**Answer:**
| S. No. | Basis | Physical Capital | Human Capital | |--------|-------|-----------------|---------------| | 1. | **Nature** | Tangible, can be easily sold in the market | Intangible, built in the body and mind of its owner; services are sold, not the capital itself | | 2. | **Ownership** | Separable from its owner | Inseparable from its owner | | 3. | **Mobility** | Completely mobile between countries | Not perfectly mobile between countries (restricted by nationality and culture) | | 4. | **Formation** | Can be built even through imports | Must be done through conscious policy formulations | | 5. | **Benefit** | Creates only private benefit | Creates private and social benefits |
What is human capital? Explain at least three areas where expenditure made is considered to be expenditure on human capital formation.
What are the main problems of human capital formation in India?
**Answer:** - **Rising Population:** Rapidly rising population adversely affects quality of human capital formation, reducing per capita availability of facilities. - **Long Term Process:** Skill formation takes time; the process is slow. - **High Regional and Gender Inequality:** Lowers human development levels. - **Brain Drain:** Migration of highly skilled labour adversely affects economic development. - **Insufficient on-the-job-training in agriculture:** Workers are not trained to absorb new technologies.
"As physical capital is essential for economic development so is human capital." Explain.
**Answer:** - i. When existing human resource is further developed by becoming more educated and healthy, human capital formation adds to the productive power of the country. - ii. Investment in human capital formation yields higher returns by yielding larger output. - iii. It improves the social outlook of workers and helps increase labour mobility. - iv. It raises the standard of living by increasing incomes. - v. Society gains indirectly because advantages spread to those not directly educated or given health care.
Explain the main sources of human capital formation.
**Answer:** - i. **Investment in education:** People invest with the objective of increasing future income. - ii. **Investment in health:** Healthy people contribute more productively. - iii. **On-the-job training:** Workers may be trained under a skilled expert or sent for off-campus training. - iv. **Migration:** Expenditure on migration is a source of human capital formation as people migrate for better job opportunities.
Give an account of human capital of India.
**Life Expectancy:** 65.6 years for females, 64 years for males (2007).
**Infant Mortality Rate:** 44 per thousand (urban), 70 per thousand (rural).
**Density:** 324 persons per sq. km.
**Sex Ratio:** 940 per thousand (2011).
**Rural-Urban Divide:** 68% population in rural areas.
**Literacy:** 74.04% in 2011 (82.14% male, 65.46% female).
"The Indian education pyramid is steep." Elaborate.
Explain how investment in education stimulates economic growth.
**Answer:** - **Enhances Productivity:** Education adds to quality of labour, enhancing total productivity and growth. It turns human resources into human capital. - **Expands mental horizon:** Education helps people make better and rational choices. - **Develops science and technology:** Educated workforce facilitates adaptation and invention of new technologies. - **Raises standard of living:** Education opens doors to better jobs and salary. - **Increases participation rate:** Education makes the population capable of participation in economic, political and social activities.
Argue in favour of the need for different forms of government intervention in education and health sectors.
Establish the need for acquiring information relating to health and education expenditure for the effective utilisation of human resources.
How does investment in human capital contribute to growth?
Throw light on the two recent reports published on the Indian economy.
In your view, is it essential for the government to regulate the fee structure in education and health care institutions? If so, why?
Write a short note on Human Development Index (HDI).
Examine the role of education in the economic development of a nation.
**Answer:** - **Knowledge and skills:** Provides quality skills and knowledge, enhancing productivity and earning opportunities. - **Acceptability of modern methods:** An educated individual can adopt modern techniques boosting the economy. - **Eradication of inequality:** Education reduces inequality by increasing income earning capacity of economically backward sections. - **Innovation:** An educated person can develop new skills and innovate new techniques.
What are the differences between human capital and human development? OR Bring out the differences between human capital and human development.
**Answer:**
| S. No. | Basis | Human Capital | Human Development | |--------|-------|--------------|-------------------| | 1. | **Concept** | Narrow concept | Broader concept | | 2. | **Means of productivity** | Considers education and health as means to increase labour productivity | Considers education and health integral to human well-being | | 3. | **Link** | Treats human beings as a means to an end (increase in productivity) | Human beings are an end in themselves |
Discuss the need for promoting women's education in India.
Read the passage and answer the following questions:
'In any country, as the income rises the composition of infrastructure requirements changes significantly.' Do you agree with the given statement ? Support your answer with suitable argument.
(i) 'In the recent past the Government of India has taken vital steps to revive and popularise Indian System of Medicine (ISM)'. Do you agree with the given statement ? Justify your answer with valid reasons. (ii) 'Casualization of workforce has became a perennial problem of the Indian economy.' Justify the given statement with valid arguments.
Compare and analyse the health status of India and USA, on the basis of any two indicators from the given schedule : Indicators of Health in India in Comparison with other nations, 2015-17. Sources : HDI 2018 and WDI 2018.
(i) State the meaning of the following : (I) Global burden of disease (II) Mortality Rate (ii) Discuss briefly, why less women are found in regular salaried employment. (i) Explain why regular salaried employees are generally more in urban areas than in rural areas. (ii) State any two main drawbacks of public health care system in India.
CASE STUDY Read the following text carefully and answer question number 13(a) and 13 (b) given below : The centre's PM Gati Shakti Scheme will give much needed push to infrastructure development and logistic across India. This scheme will drive the economic growth by giving boost to industries such as steel and cement. Greater connectivity is expected to improve economic opportunities for small farmers and small and medium enterprises through new roads, cargo terminals etc. The Gati Shakti Scheme features at the centre stage of Budget 2022-23, highlighting the importance of quality multi-modal transport in achieving overall cost competitiveness. Under Gati Shakti Scheme, the railways will develop new products and services targeted at small farmers and businesses to help them become a part of layer supply chain. Source : The Economic Times, Feb. 2, 2022 (Modified) (a) State the meaning of infrastructure. (b) Explain any two objectives of PM Gati Shakti Scheme.
State and discuss any two indicators that help in measuring the health status of a country.
State the meaning of the following : (i) Global burden of disease (ii) Mortality Rate
'Health is a yardstick of human well-being.' Justify the given statement with valid explanation.
'Women's health in India has become a matter of great concern.' Defend or refute the given statement with valid argument.
'Infrastructure facilities boost production.' Do you agree ? Explain.
Why infrastructure needs to be upgraded ?
'Skill India' programme launched by the Government is not an attempt to increase __________ in India. (Choose the correct alternative to fill up the blank)
Read the following text carefully : According to NITI Aayog, India has a technological advantage to facilitate digital banks. There is a need for creating a regulatory framework for promoting this. NITI Aayog, in its report titled "Digital Banks : A Proposal for Licensing and Regulatory Regime for India", offers a template and roadmap for a digital bank licensing and regulatory regime for a country. India's public digital infrastructure, especially Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has successfully faced this. With Aadhar, India is at the cusp of operationalizing its own open banking framework. This demonstrates that India has the technology stock to fully facilitate digital banks. Digital banking allows a user to set up automatic payments for regular utility bills. Digital banking enables fund transfers to reduce the risk of counterfeit currency. By promoting a cashless society, digital banking restricts the circulation of black money. On the basis of the given text and common understanding, answer the following questions : (a) Which institution has been replaced by NITI Aayog in India ? Who is the ex-officio Chairman of NITI Aayog ? (b) State and discuss any two main advantages of digital banking.
Read the following statements – Assertion(A) and Reason (R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below : Assertion (A) : Human capital is not traded in the market; however its services are traded. Reason (R) : Human capital is intangible in nature. Alternatives :
Benefits of physical capital accrue only to private entities, whereas human capital provides private as well as _____ benefits. (Fill up the blank with correct alternative)
On the basis of the given data : Some Selected Indicators of Human Development, 2017-2019 Note: * for the year 2011; for the years 2015. Sources: Human Development Report 2019 and 2020. (i) Identify one income indicator and one health indicator, each. [2] (ii) Compare India and China on the basis of any one of the indicator identified above in part (i). [2]
“Expenditure on On-the-job training is an important means of human capital formation in an economy.” Give valid reasons to justify the given statement. “Organic Farming is the need of the hour to promote sustainable development but, has its own limitations.” Elaborate any two advantages and limitations each of organic farming in the light of the above statement.
Benefits of physical capital accrue only to private entities, whereas human capital provides private as well as ____ benefits. (Fill up the blank with correct alternative)
Identify which of the following does not reflect a direct relationship between human capital formation and economic growth.
(i) Explain the role of education in the economic development of the nation. (ii) State the importance of rural banking in an economy like India. (i) Who is a casual wage labourer ? (ii) State and discuss any one recommendation of the Education Commission (1964 - 66). (iii) In the light of the given image, identify and explain any one strategy to ensure sustainable development. Explain any one function of the environment.
Read the following statements carefully : Statement 1 : Economic growth means the increase in real national income of a country. Statement 2 : Human capital formation and Human development are one and the same concepts. In light of the given statements, choose the correct alternative from the following :
Read the following statements carefully : Statement 1 : 'Liberty indicators' measure the extent of constitutional protection given to the citizens. Statement 2 : India provides fair constitutional protection to its citizens. In light of the given statements, choose the correct alternative from the following :
"There are many factors which contribute to human capital formation of a country." Do you agree with the statement ? Justify your answer.
"Human Capital benefits only the owner and not the society." Defend or refute the given statement.
Identify, which of the following are associated with the problem of human capital formation in India ? (i) Brain drain (ii) Low academic standards (iii) Rising population (iv) Changes in social outlook Alternatives :
State, with valid reasons whether, the following statements are true or false : (a) "Higher productivity and production are the outcome of investment in human resources." (b) Rising population is not the cause for quality of human capital formation.
State with valid reasons whether, the following statements are true or false : (a) Rising population is not the cause for quality of human capital formation. (b) “Higher productivity and production are the outcome of investment in human resources.”
“In India, National Education Policy 2020 has stressed a lot on in-service training of the teachers.” (i) Identify the source of Human Capital Formation (HCF) indicated in the aforesaid statement. (ii) Elaborate the likely impacts of this source on the economic development of India.
Identify the sources of Human Capital Formation and choose the correct alternative to fill in the blanks. Sources of Human Capital Formation (central bubble) linked to five bubbles : - Expenditure on Education - Expenditure on Information - ______________ - Expenditure on On-the-job Training - ______________ Alternatives :
"There exists a positive correlation between human capital formation and economic growth of a nation." Justify the given statement with valid explanation.
Identify the sources of Human Capital Formation and choose the correct alternative to fill in the blanks. Alternatives :
Discuss any two benefits accruing from human capital formation.
Identify which of the following is not a Human Development Indicator (HDI).
Read the following statements carefully : Statement 1 : Human development is based on the idea that education and health are integral to human well-being. Statement 2 : Human capital treats humans as a means to an end. In light of the given statements, choose the correct alternative from the following :
(a) "In the past few decades, Indian economy has been fairly benefitted by positive externalities created by rapid rise in infrastructure." Justify the given statement with valid arguments. (b) State the steps pertaining to the estimation of National Income by Value Added Method.
(i) "National Education Policy 2020 of India stresses a lot on in-service teachers' training." In the light of the given statement, state and explain any two advantages of such on-the-job trainings in upliftment of education sector of any nation. (ii) Define Casual Wage Labourer. (i) Elaborate any two reasons owing to which lesser number of women are found in regular salaried employment. (ii) Define worker – population ratio.
(i) "National Education Policy 2020 of India stresses a lot on in-service teachers' training." In the light of given Statement, state and explain any two advantages of such on-the-job trainings in upliftment of education sector of any nation. (ii) Define Casual Wage Labourer. (i) Elaborate any two reasons owing to which lesser number of women are found in regular salaried employment. (ii) Define Worker – Population Ratio.
_______ indicator may be defined as the measure of the extent of demographic participation in Social and Political decision making in a Country. (Fill up the blank with correct alternative.)
Explain the role of affordable healthcare facilities in promoting human capital in a country.
(i) "Infrastructural development is an essential element to obtain the full potential of the rural sector in India". Justify the given statement with valid arguments. (ii) State the meaning of 'Human Development'. "In a nation like India, self employment provides an important avenue for employment generation." Defend or refute the given statement with valid arguments.
Discuss the need for 'On-the-job training' for an employee.
Explain the role of quality education in human capital formation in a country.
Read the following statements carefully : Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose the correct option from those given below : Assertion (A) : Human capital formation increases the rate of participation of population to economic activities and leads to economic growth. Reason (R) : Rate of participation of people refers to the percentage of people engaged in production process of a country.
(A) "In the mountainous regions, mini-hydel plants prove to be cost effective as well as eco-friendly." Justify above statement with valid arguments. (B) Define Absorptive capacity.
Distinguish between Physical Capital and Human Capital.
_____ is based on the idea that education and health are integral to human well-being. (Choose the correct option to fill up the blank)
____ is based on the idea that education and health are integral to human well-being. (Choose the correct option to fill up the blank)
Read the following statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose the correct alternative from the options given below : Assertion (A) : Information plays a crucial role in judicious decision-making about investing in human capital. Reason (R) : Individuals invest to acquire information about the labour market and other areas such as education and healthcare.
(i) Distinguish between human capital and physical capital. (ii) Describe 'LPG' and 'Gobar Gas' as strategies used to achieve sustainable development in rural areas. (i) Critically appraise the micro-credit programmes in rural India. (ii) State the meaning of sustainable development.
Read the following statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose the correct option from the options given below : Assertion (A) : People spend to acquire information related to labour and other markets (like, education and health). Reason (R) : Expenditure on information is necessary for efficient utilisation of the human capital stock.
(i) Distinguish between human capital and physical capital. (ii) Define Sustainable Development. (i) Describe briefly the importance of micro-credit programmes in Rural India. (ii) State any one strategy involved in attaining sustainable development in India.
___________ indicator may be defined as the measure of the extent of demographic participation in social and political decision-making. (Choose the correct option to fill in the blank)
On the basis of the given image, explain the source of human capital formation which may contribute to the economic growth in India. Explain 'Investment in Education' as a source of human capital formation.
____________ indicator may be defined as the measure of the extent of demographic participation in social and political decision-making. (Choose the correct option to fill in the blank)
Identify, which of the following is not a feature of physical capital. (Choose the correct option) (i) Tangibility (ii) Tradability (iii) Immobility
`Expenditure on health' is one of the sources of Human Capital Formation where, __________ is one of the most suitable curative measures. (Choose the correct alternative to fill in the blank)
The extent of constitutional protection of the independence of the Judiciary and the Rule of Law, is an example of ____________ indicator. (Choose the correct alternative to fill in the blank)
``The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) organised a capacity-building training aimed at upgrading the skills of government personnel and further contributing to increasing India's share in the global space industry.'' In the light of the given statement, explain how such training programmes can affect human capital formation. ``Both physical capital and human capital depreciate with time, but the nature of depreciation differs between the two.'' Do you agree with the given statement ? State and discuss valid reasons in support of your answer.
Read the following statements : Assertion (A) and Reason (R), Choose the correct option from those given below : Assertion (A) : Education facilitates the assimilation of knowledge and competencies. It also fosters inventive capacities and enhances the aptitude to integrate advance technology. Reason (R) : Education plays a pivotal role in transforming cognitive perspectives and serves as a catalyst for the economic advancement of a nation.
Read the following text carefully : To ensure inclusive and quality education for all, the Indian government has launched several important schemes. These schemes aimed at improving access, equity and learning outcomes, especially among disadvantaged group. The Right to Education (RTE) Act, passed by the India Parliament on August 4, 2009, guarantees free and compulsory education to every child between 6-14 years of age. It ensures that all children have access to education in neightbourhood schools, until they complete elementary education. Another key initiative is Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA). It was introduced in 2001. It is one of India's flagship programmes for the Universalisation of Elementary Education. Digital India Campaign, launched on July 1, 2015, focuses on transforming India into a digitally empowered society by improving mobile and internet connectivity, particularly in rural and remote regions. This initiative supports digital learning & access to educational resources. Through these initiatives, the government strives to create an equitable, accessible & quality driven educational environment for all children, laying a strong foundation for national development. On the basis of the given text and common understanding, answer the following questions : (i) Identify, which law guarantees free and compulsory education upto the age of 14 years. Explain, how does it help in enhancing access to education. 1+2 (ii) In your opinion, how has the increase in public spending on education contributed to India's social and economic transformation ? Support your answer with valid arguments. 3
During the 'Mann ki Baat' program aired on 29th June, 2025, Prime Minister shared that World Health Organisation (WHO) has declared India as a Trachoma free (an eye disease). This achievement, he shared, is a result of sustained efforts in health care, sanitation, awareness and medical access. In the light of the above statement, explain how investments in health care contributes to a nation's development. Support your answer with valid arguments. "Employment within the formal sector ensures better income and social benefits as against the informal sector." Defend or refute the above statement with valid reason and example.
Read the following text carefully : To ensure inclusive and quality education for all, the Indian government has launched several important schemes. These schemes aimed at improving access, equity and learning outcomes, especially among disadvantaged group. The Right to Education (RTE) Act, passed by the India Parliament on August 4, 2009, guarantees free and compulsory education to every child between 6-14 years of age. It ensures that all children have access to education in neightbourhood schools, until they complete elementary education. Another key initiative is Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA). It was introduced in 2001. It is one of India's flagship programmes for the Universalisation of Elementary Education. Digital India Campaign, launched on July 1, 2015, focuses on transforming India into a digitally empowered society by improving mobile and internet connectivity, particularly in rural and remote regions. This initiative supports digital learning & access to educational resources. Through these initiatives, the government strives to create an equitable, accessible & quality driven educational environment for all children, laying a strong foundation for national development. On the basis of the given text and common understanding, answer the following questions : (i) Identify, which law guarantees free and compulsory education upto the age of 14 years. Explain, how does it help in enhancing access to education. (ii) In your opinion, how has the increase in public spending on education contributed to India's social and economic transformation ? Support your answer with valid arguments.
The steep Indian education pyramid indicates _________. (Choose the correct option to fill in the blank)
Education provides _________. (Choose the correct option to fill in the blank) (i) Scientific advancements (ii) Facilitate inventions and innovations (iii) Adapting to new technology
The steep Indian education pyramid indicates ________. (Choose the correct option to fill in the blank)
Education provides ________. (Choose the correct option to fill in the blank) (i) Scientific advancements (ii) Facilitate inventions and innovations (iii) Adapting to new technology
The steep Indian education pyramid indicates _____________. (Choose the correct option to fill in the blank)
Describe the role of government in improving the efficiency of human capital formation in India. "Traditional knowledge and practices are still applicable in ensuring sustainable development." Do you agree with the given statement ? Support your answer with valid reasons.
Read the following statements : Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose the correct option from those given below : Assertion (A) : Education is one of the important factors for economic growth of a country. Reason (R) : A healthy person could provide uninterrupted labour supply for a longer period of time.
Human Development is based on the idea that ___________ and ___________ are integral to human wellbeing. (Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks)
Define Liberty Indicator and mention its significance.
Anaya and Rohan owned separate farms. Anaya focused on learning modern farming techniques, training workers in crop rotation, soil management, and pest control. On the other hand, Rohan invested in advanced machinery, irrigation systems, HYV seeds. "Both Anaya and Rohan invested in human capital." Do you agree with the given statement ? Give valid argument in support of your answer. "Expenditure on preventive medicine, curative and social medicine helps in building human capital and economic development." Do you agree with the given statement ? Give valid argument in support of your answer.
"Liberty Indicators are considered important yardsticks for an economy, in the present times." Elaborate the meaning and importance of Liberty Indicators, in the light of the given statement.
In 2009, the Government of India came up with the ________ to make free education, a fundamental right for all children in the age group of 6 - 14 years. (Choose the correct option to fill in the blank)
(i) Define 'Human Capital'. (ii) Explain expenditure on 'On-the-job training' as a source of human capital formation. Rayansh works as a teacher in a school. He receives a fixed monthly salary, social security benefits, paid leave and medical allowances. His friend Mohan works at a small toy shop. He has very little income, he does not have access to provident fund, paid leave or health insurance. Classify the types of sectors Rayansh and Mohan are working in and highlight the distinction between the two sectors.
(i) Define 'Human Capital Formation'. (ii) Explain 'Expenditure on Information' as a source of human capital formation. Shruti works in a public sector bank as a clerk. She gets a fixed monthly salary, provident fund, retirement benefits and health insurance. Her brother, Ramesh, drives an auto-rickshaw. His daily earnings depend on the number of passengers. He does not receive benefits like paid leave, pension etc. Classify the types of sectors Shruti and Ramesh are working in and highlight the distinction between the two sectors.